Technology
WiMAX is the popular name for the IEEE802.16 standard, which is a high capacity and long range wireless broadband standard, and may become the international FWA (Fixed Wireless Access) standard. Coverage of 50km and capacity of around 70 Mbps is possible using this technology. It is, however, important to note that the capacity offered over long distances is only a fraction of the maximum capacity. WiMAX, as access technology, is more typically offered for distances of 5 to 10km. A key point is that 70 Mbps will only be achieved if the frequency bandwidth of 20 MHz is allocated and assigned by the spectrum management authorities. WiMAX is also being developed to become mobile (IEEE802.16e); mobile implementation is likely to be available after 2008.
Regulatory issues
- Licensing: In many countries, licensing rules must be updated in order to allow WiMAX operators to provide voice services and Internet access, and take full advantage of the potential of the technology.
- Universal service: WiMAX offers a unique opportunity for cost effective provision of rural access by new entrants, in many cases without a subsidy requirement. Where subsidy is required, WiMAX will frequently be the technology of choice, and barriers to its use should be minimized.
- Spectrum management: Adequate spectrum resources for WiMAX must be ensured. The refarming of spectrum resources may be desirable and in some circumstances necessary. The use of unlicensed bands lowers costs and barriers of entry, whereas the use of licensed bands enables better quality services. Spectrum licenses must be carefully designed to suit the particular needs of WiMAX operators if licensed bands are used.
- Infrastructure vs. service competition: WiMAX is one of the new technologies allowing for alternative operators to enter the market for broadband access provision. WiMAX may thus contribute to infrastructure competition. Regulators should consider how the new possibilities for broadband access and for enhancing competition in the broadband access market can best be developed using WiMax as well as other technologies.
- QoS: A significant issue regarding WiMAX is the actual quality of the network access offered, including the stability of the connection. As with Wi-Fi, QoS is likely to be lower than that provided with other technologies. Regulators should ensure users are aware of the QoS provided, recognizing that reduced quality service will always be better than no service.
RELATED INFORMATION
(Re) Licensing
Universal Access
Spectrum Management
Infrastructure vs. service competition
Quality of service