In addition to having transparent, open and participatory procedures, an effective regulator needs the power to resolve disputes and enforce its decisions and laws. As the telecommunications sector develops and matures, the ability of the regulator to maintain order in the sector is paramount to promoting growth and attracting investment in the sector. The first part of this section describes the different resolution techniques countries have engaged in to solve sector disputes. The second part describes the enforcement practices and procedures generally used to settle conflicts and enforce sector policy and regulation. As the telecommunications sector continues to develop and liberalize and new technologies are deployed, more regulators are encouraging parties to voluntarily resolve their disputes, and relying on alternative dispute resolution approaches. However, the regulator’s involvement and intervention to resolve conflicts and enforce compliance with decisions, rules, and regulations are still critical and necessary for maintaining an effective regulatory regime.