An important topic, these years, is the issue of infrastructure and service competition. The background is that infrastructure or facility-based competition is seen as more sustainable than service-based competition, where alternative operators competing with the incumbents have to rely on the infrastructure elements provided by incumbents. The contention is also that if service competition is made too easy, so that the conditions for using the infrastructures of incumbents are too favorable in comparison to building infrastructure, the new operators in the markets will refrain from investing in infrastructure, and competition will never become sustainable enough to lift sector specific competition regulation.