This section on policy integration takes a broader view on telecom regulation. First, there is a presentation and examination of the different types of public policy market intervention going from the least to the more interventionist modes. The aim of this is to analyze the relationships between different types of public policy intervention emphasizing the importance of developing a coherent public policy. An aspect of this is the promotion of innovativeness in the telecom sector. Innovation has not been the main focus of telecom policy, but has come increasingly to the fore, as the necessity of continuous innovations has gained growing attention. Moreover, the issue of standardization is taken up. Standardization in the telecom area has increasingly become a supra-national activity, and private interests have gained growing influence. However, specific applications are often dealt with by national authorities, and the role of standardization in the development of a coherent new telecom regulatory paradigm is examined. Furthermore, public-private partnerships are also dealt with and, finally, security issues are examined. Security issues have always had a central position in communication regulations, but the specific aspects change with technology and market developments.
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