A growing trend among countries with highly competitive telecommunications markets, is a growing reliance on competition laws to regulate the sector. The relationship between telecommunications legislation and competition policy varies by country, and is influenced by the country’s level of economic development and the maturity of the market. Regardless of the regulatory model adopted, it is essential that telecommunications policies be guided by underlying principles of competition in order for markets to develop for the benefit of consumers. The relationship between telecommunications and competition policies is determined by and evolves in response to factors such as market maturity (i.e., the level of competition in the marketplace) and a country’s institutional framework. This section will explore the regulatory models adopted by different countries with respect to their telecommunications and competition regimes, existing regulatory trends in the relationship between these two frameworks, and whether such trends can be transferred effectively to developing countries.